Test Answers

UNIT TEST #1: CELLULAR BIOLOGY

UNIT TEST #2: MICROBIOLOGY

MULTIPLE CHOICE (1 mark each)

1.       The study of genes and the inheritance of traits is:

a.      Heredity

b.      Offspring

c.       Genetics

d.      Fertilization

2.      The different versions of a characteristic are considered:

a.      Genes

b.      Phenotypes

c.       Genotypes

d.      Traits

3.      The bits of information passed down from parent to child are called:

a.      Offspring

b.      Fertilization

c.       Genes

d.      Reproduction

4.      A combination of alleles is:

a.      Genes

b.      Genotype

c.       Dominant

d.      Recessive

5.      Offspring of true-breeding plants are called:

a.      Mixed

b.      Heterozygous

c.       Homozygous

d.      Hybrid

6.      A heterozygous dominant genotype is correctly represented with:

a.      GG

b.      Gg

c.       gG

d.      gg

7.      Ova and sperm are often called:

a.      Gametes

b.      Eggs

c.       Zygotes

d.      Reproduction

8.      This type of reproduction produces a genetically identical offspring to the parent:

a.      Artificial Insemination

b.      Genetic Engineering

c.       In Vitro Fertilization

d.      Cloning

9.      If the letter B represents the gene for body colour and blue is dominant to yellow, an individual with a yellow body would have the genotype:

a.      BB

b.      Yb

c.       Yy

d.      bb

SHORT ANSWER (2 marks each)

10.  A one-eyed purple people eater is crossed with a two eyed purple eater.  All their offspring have two eyes.  Which trait is dominant? Why?

Two eyes is dominant because all the offspring must have Ee (producing the same phenotypes).

11.  If you use the letter E for this gene (from question #10), what are the genotypes of the offspring? (hint: Punnett Square)

EE crossed with ee would give the same genotype of Ee to all offspring and therefore the same phenotype (two eyes).

Ee crossed with ee would give half the offspring Ee and the other half ee (two different phenotypes).

12.  What is cross-pollination of pea plants? Give an example.

Cross-pollination means that the seeds came from two different plants.  For example, Mendel fertilized flowers by brushing pollen from the flower of yellow pea plants and whipping the pollen on the carpel of green seed plants.

13.  Use the offspring in the F1 generation to self-pollinate to create the parents of the F2 generation.

14.  If tall bodies are dominant over small bodies (question #13), than what are the chances of:

a.      Child in F1 having a tall body?

4 out of 4 = 100%

b.      Child in F2 having a tall body?

3 out of 4 = 75%

LONG ANSWER (marks vary)

15.  Label the diagram below with the stages of meiosis II (4 marks):

16.  Fill in the blank with stage of meiosis I associated with the description (6 marks).

Stage	Description
Metaphase I	Homologous chromosomes are lined up side by side as tetrads
Interphase I	The cell replicates its chromosomes
Anaphase I	Homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell
Prophase I	Homologous chromosomes come together matched gene by gen forming a tetrad
Telophase I or Cytokinesis	The cytoplasm divides an yields two new cells
Prophase I	Crossing over occurs

17.  Match the following genetic disorders to their effects (put letter in blank, 5 marks):

a.      Down’s Syndrome

b.      Sickle Cell Anemia

c.       Klinefleter’s

d.      Turner’s

e.      Cystic Fibrosis

___b___ red blood cells become crescent shaped

___d___ under developed ovaries

___c___ development of breast tissue in males

___a___ some degree of mental retardation

___e___ fluid in lungs

18.  Complete the chart for sexual and

 asexual reproduction (6 marks):

	Sexual	Asexual
Offspring are produced from	From a single parent	From two sex cells
Associated cellular division process	Mitosis	Meiosis
Example	Strawberries (have runners), Hydra (have buds)	Animals (have testes and ova), Plants (have stamen and carpel)

UNIT TEST #3: MICROBIOLOGY

(40 marks total)

1.      Why do we use genus and species names and not common names (2 mark)?

We use the genus and species names because there are problems using common names.

2.      Explain cell reproduction in the lytic cycle (text or labeled diagram) (6 marks).

(1) Phage attaches to a specific host bacterium and (2) injects its DNA, (3) disrupting the bacterial genome and killing the bacterium, and (4) taking over the bacterial DNA and protein synthesis machinery to make phage parts. (5) The process culminates with the assembly of new phage, and (6) the lysis of the bacterial cell wall to release a hundred new copies of the input phage into the environment.

3.      Bacteria are divided into two main groups (2 marks):

a.       Archeabacteria

b.       Eubacteria

4.      Name three types of microbes in our world (3 marks):

a.       Viruses

b.       Bacteria

c.        Protists

5.      What are the two main components of a virus (2 marks)?

a.       Protein capsid/coat

b.       Genetic information (DNA or RNA)

6.      Please complete the table below (4 marks):

Classification	Ecological Role
Methanogens	-produce methane as a byproduct of sewage treatment or landfill operation
Thermophiles	-contain genes for heat-stable enzyme that may be of great value in industry and medicine
Cyanobacteria	-perform ‘modern photosynthesis’ converting water into oxygen
Halophiles	-ph0tosynthesize with bacteriorhodopsin rather than chlorophyll

7.      Please complete the table below for any type of protist (2 marks):

Type	Example	Eco-logical Role
Plant-like Animal-like Fungi-like	Algae Diatoms Euglena Amoeba Paramecium Plasmodium Slime-mould	2/3 of world’s oxygen Glass, road paint, toothpaste Found in animals to help digest cellulose Cause of malaria

8.      List three ways you can prevent the spread of diseases caused by microbes (3 marks):

a.      Use antibiotics correctly

b.      Get immunized

c.        use care when preparing and handling food

d.      Keep surfaces clean and disinfected

e.       Wash your hands

9.      Bacteria are/can: (circle all that apply) (5 marks)

unicellular

prokaryotic

have cell walls

heterotrophs

autotrophs

aerobic

anaerobic

live symbiotically

helpful

harmful

reproduce by conjugation

reproduce by binary fission

spherical in shape

produce an endospore

identified with Gram stain

10.  What are two ways drinking water is purified (2 marks)?

a.       UV light

b.       Chlorination

11.  Sketch a bacteriophage and label five components in your diagram (7 marks).

12.   What is a mycelium (2 marks)?

A network/aggregate of hyphae found on fungi.


TEST #4: ANIMAL ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

Human Physiology & Anatomy Unit Test

(70 marks – 1 mark for showing up today)

1. Characteristics of life include (5 marks):

1.       Movement

2.        Responsiveness

3.       Growth

4.        Reproduction

5.        Respiration

6.       Digestion

7.        Absorption

8.       Circulation

9.       Assimilation

10.   Excretion

2.  Life depends on the availability of the following (5 marks):

1.       Water

2.        Food

3.        Oxygen

4.        Heat

5.        Pressure

3. Identify two of the body sections below (2 marks):

Transverse                          Coronal                                                Sagittal

4. Label ten key components on the heart diagram (10 marks):

5. List the functions of the Respiratory System (4 marks)

Overall Function:

·              Gas exchange with circulatory system

·                              - Take in oxygen for cellular respiration: energy

·                              - Release carbon dioxide: waste

Upper Functions:

·           Passageway for respiration

·           Receptors for smell

·           Filters incoming air to filter larger foreign materials

·           Moistens and warms the incoming air

                Resonating chamber for voice   

Lower Functions:

·              Larynx: maintains an open airway, routes food and air appropriately, assists in sound production

·              Trachea: transports air to and from lungs

·              Bronchi: branch into lungs

                Lungs: transport air to alveoli for gas exchange

6. Please complete the blank with the appropriate component of the Respiratory System (9 marks).

______Nasal Cavity____ - Contains nasal septum, turbinates, and cilia

____Pharynx___ - Throat; common passageway for air and food

­____Epiglottis____ - When food is swallowed, this closes over the opening to the larnyx, preventing food from entering the lungs.

_____Larynx____ - Voice box. Triangular chamber below pharynx. "Adam's Apple".

____Trachea_____ - Windpipe; walls are alternate bands of membrane and c-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage to keep it open. Lined with ciliated mucous membrane. Coughing and expectoration gets rid of dust-laden mucous.

_____Bronci___ - Similar to trachea with ciliated mucous membrane and hyaline cartilage. Lower end of trachea divides into right and left this.

_____Brochioles______ - Thinner walls of smooth muscle, lined with ciliated epithelium. Subdivision of bronci. At the end, alveolar duct and cluster of alveoli.

____Alveoli__ - Composed of single layer of epithelial tissue. Inner surfaces covered with surfactant to keep from collapsing. Each surrounded by capillaries. Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange takes place between these and capillaries.

____Lungs___ - Fill thoracic cavity. Tissue is porous and spongy- it floats.

7. Define each term below (4 marks):

            Ingestion: the taking in of nutrients

            Digestion: the breakdown of complex organic molecules into smaller components by physical

and chemical means

            Absorption: the taking up of digested molecules into the cells of the digestive tract

Egestion: the removal of waste food materials from the body

8. Explain the process of excretion (use as many points as you wish)(5 marks):

·Blood travels to the kidneys     

·Capillaries bring the blood to the Nephron        

·In the Glomerulus (of the Nephron) water, salts, urea, amino acids, and glucose are filtered into the Bowman's capsule.

·As the materials travel through the Proximal Tubule, glucose, vitamins, sodium, amino acids, potassium and bicarbonate are reabsorbed into the blood.  

·In the Loop of Henle, water and salt are reabsorbed into the blood        

·In the Distal Tubule, ammonia, uric acid, penicillin, and hydrogen ions are secreted into the collecting waste

·The material travels from down the Collecting Duct to the Ureter.

·The urine reaches the Urinary Bladder where it is temporarily stored.

·Urine is excreted from the bladder through the Urethra with the aid of a Sphincter.

9.  Label the Digestive System (10 marks)

  

10. Identify a kidney-related diseases and the symptoms (2 marks).

11. The Central Nervous System is composed of (2 marks):
1.  Brain
2.  Spinal Cord
12. Two types of neurons (2 marks):

·          Motor Neuron

·          Sensory Neuron

13. Components of a neuron (5 marks):

14. Describe the process of neurotransmission/synapses (4 marks):

 

 

TEST #5: PLANT STRUCTURE & PHYSIOLOGY

UNIT TEST #5: Plant Physiology

(40 marks)

1.       For the life cycle below, fill in the five boxes to complete the labeled diagram (5 marks).

·Sporophyte produces and releases asexual spores from within a sporangium

·Spores germinate and develop into a small, heart shaped gametophyte

·Mature gametophyte produces egg and sperm

·Mature sperm cells are released and unit with eggs cells, producing a zygote.

·Zygote develops into sporophyte

The cycle repeats

2.       Fill in the chart for 3 characteristics as they help to identify Monocots vs. Dicots (6 marks).

Monocots	Dicots
Leaf venation is parallel	Leaf venation is net-like
Petals occur in 3s (3, 6, 9, 12)	Usually have 4 or 5 petals
Fibrous roots	Tap root
One cotyledon (seed leaf)	Two cotyledons (seed leaves)
Corn	Bean

 

3.      Label the following flowering plant components (6 marks).

 

          

4.      Label ten of the following plant components (10 marks).

5.      For each of the following types of tissues, identify their main function (4 marks).

Meristem: plant tissue composed of cells that divide (mitosis) to allow for growth and cell differentiation into the other three types of tissue systems in the plant

Ground: internal nonvascular tissues involved in photosynthesis, support & storage of nutrients

Dermal: cells specialized for covering the outer surface of the plant (leaves, stems & roots)

Vascular: internal vascular tissues involved in transporting water and other substances among cells

6.      Identify the following types of propagation (2 marks):

Layerage & Budding

 

7.      Identify three of the following types of leaf arrangements (3 marks).

8.      For four of the components of the leaf below, state their function (4 marks).

(a) cuticle & epidermis - prevents water loss

(b) palisade mesophyll - photosynthesis

(c) stomata - gas exchange

(d) spongy mesophyll - gas exchange and photosynthesis

(e) guard cells - regulates stomatal openings